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Grand Model for the Province of Carolina
The Grand Model (or “Grand Modell” as it was spelled at the time) was a utopian plan for the Province of Carolina, founded in 1670. It consisted of a constitution coupled with a settlement and development plan for the colony. The former was titled the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina. The word “constitutions” (in the plural) was synonymous with “articles.” The document was composed of 120 constitutions, or articles. The settlement and development plan for the colony consisted of several documents, or “instructions,” for guiding town and regional planning as well as economic development.
Both the Fundamental Constitutions and the development plan were drafted by John Locke while working for the Lords Proprietors of Carolina, the eight noblemen who held the royal charter to settle the colony. Locke was also a personal assistant to Anthony Ashley Cooper, the Proprietor who became the Earl of Shaftesbury soon after the principal elements of the Grand Model were drafted. Ashley Cooper is considered the founder of Carolina, thus the Grand Model may also be called the Ashley Cooper Plan.〔Famous plans are often named after the person who conceived them, e.g., the Oglethorpe Plan, the L'Enfant Plan〕 Today the term Grand Model is used more restrictively in Charleston, South Carolina to refer to the original planned area of the city.〔Steedman, “How the City Grew”.〕
== Vision ==
Anthony Ashley Cooper oversaw Locke’s drafting of the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina during the first decade of the Restoration, a time when the failure of the Commonwealth of England was fresh in mind. During the Commonwealth period he had served in the government of Oliver Cromwell and participated in reviewing English laws and drafting the nation’s first formal constitution. Before that, English constitutional law was based on ancient constitutional documents such as the Magna Carta and the Bill of Rights. The experience led Ashley Cooper to see value in adopting a formal constitution for the Province of Carolina.〔For a contemporary perspective on Ashley Cooper’s career, see, Spurr, John, Chapter 1; Marshall, Alan, Chaper 2; and Leng, Thomas, Chapter 5 in Spurr, ''Anthony Ashley Cooper, First Earl of Shaftesbury, 1621–1683''. For a complete and authoritative biography, see, Haley, ''The First Earl of Shaftesbury''.〕
Although Ashley Cooper aided the restoration of Charles II to the throne in 1660, for which service he and the other Lords Proprietors were granted the charter for Carolina. He strongly believed in the English tradition of common law and balanced government (a system sometimes called the “Ancient Constitution” wherein the nobility played an essential role. The Fundamental Constitutions was designed to formalize a “Gothic” system of balanced government in the new province. Although described as feudalism by some authorities, the system was arguably more advanced by virtue of its constitution and emphasis on basic rights and reciprocal benefits among classes. It was nevertheless a pre-Enlightenment system predicated on class hierarchy.〔See Pocock, p. 94, for use of the word “gothic”〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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